Aging & Mental Health, 18(8), 9971005. endobj A review of protective factors and causal mechanisms that enhance the mental health of Indigenous Circumpolar youth. In search of realistic optimism: Meaning, knowledge, and warm fuzziness. It is also worth noting that in this environment, there is an immense need for positivity in order to promote mental health and overcome the harmful side effects of isolation and rapid change. Skalka, J., & Drlk, M. (2018). Developing even one the four areas of hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism in employees and coachees has a positive effect on the other elements. Considering the balance of this evidence, we anticipate face-to-face and online PsyCap development interventions to be comparable in effectiveness. Zetterqvist, K., Maanmies, J., Strm, L., & Andersson, G. (2003). As a result, it has been deemed as representing the hero within individuals. While there is a lot to be said for every one of the components, the concept of Psycap is greater than the sum of its parts. Integrated Micro learningan outline of the basic method and first results. PsyCap increased immediately after the intervention, then successful goal achievement increased six weeks later. %PDF-1.7 % endobj Another Look at the Job Satisfaction-Life Satisfaction Relationship. Tiger (1979) defines optimism as a mood or attitude associated with an expectation about the social or material future - one which the evaluator regards as socially desirable, to his advantage, or for his please (p.18). These exercises build the participants hope, self-efficacy, resilience and optimism. There are situations where face-to-face development makes sense. 1 / 148 Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by calsherk Positive Organizational Behavior Terms in this set (148) positive OB (organizational behavior) the focus on positive human characteristics that can be measured, developed, and effectively managed for performance improvement A randomized controlled trial of a self-guided internet intervention promoting well-being. Developing the Psychological Capital of Resiliency FOIA This site needs JavaScript to work properly. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian. Supporting clients to develop a range of coping skills is a common focus in therapy. Grow and retain your people with the only personalized solution for effective, continuous development. Also known in the literature as PsyCap, this construct typically refers to positive states of hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism that are amenable to intervention and that are related to subjective well-being and life satisfaction. Online positive interventions to promote well-being and resilience in the adolescent population: A narrative review. 1310 0 obj Freeman. There is no significant difference between online and micro-learning PCI. Positive psychology micro-coaching intervention: Effects on psychological capital and goal-related self-efficacy. Would you like email updates of new search results? Further, PsyCap can be managed and assessed. Hove, UK: Psychology Press. endobj <> Stratman, J., & Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2019). Sample sizes were adequate, and the groups were roughly equal in size. <> Agency is the belief that one can influence action (Bandura, 1998). Average years of education (high school=13years) was 12.68years (SD=1.12years). However, PsyCap six weeks after the intervention was still significantly higher than pre-intervention PsyCap (p=.000). Hope and health: Measuring the will and the ways. and it only includes a positive resource or capacity which meets the specified criteria for POB. Moreover, a third approach, micro-learning, where content is disseminated in smaller units over a longer period of time, was examined in comparison with online learning. B., Luthans, F., & Jensen, S. M. (2009). Retrieved from http://webcasts.td.org/webinar/2266. According to Luthans et al., (2007: 2) PsyCap refers to an individuals positive psychological state of development and is composed of four major components: A briefings report from the Gallup Leadership Institute points out that psychological capital is made up of both who a person is and who the person is becoming. This is contrasted with human capital (what a person know) and social capital (who a person know). Building the leaders of tomorrow: The development of academic psychological capital. (2004). Oxford University Press. A comparison of student achievement and satisfaction in an online versus a traditional face-to-face statistics class. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Annals of Surgery, 244(3), 400409. The psychology of hope: You can get there from here. (2020). In a coaching or leadership environment, it is often about finding (increasing awareness) and appreciating success stories rather than creating them. endobj Before examining the relative effectiveness of the PCIs in developing PsyCap and promoting successful goal achievement, it is important to ensure that random assignment yielded equivalent groups in both studies. Education Next, 12, 8283. The training was conducted in two waves, which constituted the samples for Study 1 and Study 2, respectively. The original scale developed by Luthans, Youssef and Avolio (2007) in the context of organizations is the Psychological Capital Questionnaire 24 (PCQ-24). Bennett and Lemoine (2014) define complexity as a situation with many interconnected parts, and volatility as an unexpected or unstable challenge with no known duration. The Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) [] is widely recognized as the standard scale measuring PsyCap [].It was developed as a compound measure consisting of (modified) items from published scales for hope [], optimism [], resilience [], and self-efficacy [].Predominantly, the PCQ was used in employee, manager and student samples [], and its items are . PsyCap is composed of four constructs: hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism - which together spell out the acronym HERO. B., Luthans, F., Smith, R. M., & Palmer, N. F. (2010b). Before Jenkins (2009) adds that online learning can create a participation gap for certain populations that lack the resources needed. Interactive Computer Aided Learning, 4, 17. Following the emergence of promising new studies regarding the concept of PsyCap, some researchers have rearranged the four basic components of PsyCap in an acrosticOpens in new window order (e.g., hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism) that formed the acronym HERO. Their assertion is supported in complex domains such as medical training (Moulton et al., 2006), statistics (Smith & Rothkopf, 1984), biology (Reynolds & Glaser, 1964), sales training (Kauffeld & Lehmann-Willenbrock, 2010), and artistic styles (Kornell & Bjork, 2008). Mediating effect of coping styles on the association between psychological capital and psychological distress among Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study. National Library of Medicine The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). It highlights the elements of a strong performance culture that are often neglected or challenging to build out in a scalable manner. Simon and Schuster. As we spread our attention across all four areas of PsyCap and use new technology to create fun interventions we can create real value towards job and life satisfaction. Assessing the effects of a "personal effectiveness" training on psychological capital, assertiveness and self-awareness using self-other agreement. The face-to-face PCI was facilitated by an instructor in a classroom at the corporate office of the organization. Avey, J. A learner-centric view of mobile seamless learning. Moreover, it tests this notion in the context of positive psychology and PsyCap, which adds to the body of knowledge in these emerging fields of study. it met all of the following inclusion criteria: (1) they were focused on PsyCap interventions (application and evaluation), (2) they Optimism: The biology of hope. Thus, online and micro-learning yielded comparable results in terms of PsyCap development. <> academic achievement/attendance; alcohol/tobacco/drug use prevention; alternative therapies; evidence-based practice; health disparities; health/wellness; integrative reviews; mental health. Munich: Rowohlt. The two studies provided an opportunity for examining replicability of the results. Searching for the HERO in Youth: Does Psychological Capital (PsyCap) Predict Mental Health Symptoms and Subjective Wellbeing in Australian School-Aged Children and Adolescents? Anecdotal arguments in support of the superiority of face-to-face learning have been repeatedly refuted in the literature, and this study adds to this evidence by showing that in the context of PsyCap development, face-to-face, online, and micro-learning PCIs are comparable in their effectiveness despite some subtle differences. Journal of European Industrial Training, 34(1), 2337. hopeful thought reects the belief that one can nd pathways to desired goals and become motivated to use those pathways. Results from 228 participants assessed three times (before, immediately after, and six weeks after PCI completion) support the effectiveness and comparability of the three delivery modes, but also highlight notable advantages for online and micro-learning. (2020). (2014). Measurement and Development of PsyCap: Assessing the Return on As shown in Fig. Goodyear (2006) argues that time is oddly under-examined in the online learning literature. (2018) found that primary school students perform 18% better using micro-learning when compared to students taught under the traditional method. Cronbachs Alphas for this scale before, immediately after, and six weeks after the intervention were .895, .911, and .905 in Study 1; and .885, .931, and .926 in Study 2. Scientifically reviewed by Saima Latif, Ph.D. On the other hand, micro-learning also takes a longer timespan to deliver the same content. But how much time do we spend bolstering these important dimensions of psychology, which can actually guide employees to success by boosting their personal resources and PsyCap? Practitioners should be particularly interested in these findings given the growing volatility and complexity of the current business environment. The higher our efficacy expectancy, the harder we will work to achieve our goals, leading to a higher probability of success. HR practitioners typically dont have spare time to brush up on psychological research, but these frameworks can be a helpful lens through which to improve your people practices. Psychological capital development: toward a microintervention Specifically, it increases memory consolidation (Litman & Davachi, 2008). Over a decade ago, Lam (2009) asserted that face-to-face instruction made up the vast majority of delivery methods used. Passmore, J., & Oades, L. G. (2014). Stories & resources for building a better world of work. Careers. Meeting the needs of distance learners. Psychological Capital Questionnaire Short Form (PCQ Short Form): The PCQ Short Form is a 12-item form of the PCQ. Based on appreciation and positive emotions, PsyCap is a core construct for wellbeing and thriving. We spend a lot of time setting goals and holding people accountable in the workplace. In coaching sessions, the goals themselves may not necessarily need to be defined as specific tasks. endobj The second study compares an online PCI to a micro-learning PCI utilizing a mobile application. Bruck et al. As a manager, focusing on psychological capital has the potential to transform your organization for the better - improving the performance and wellbeing of your team. require certifications to be taught and administered, Psycap is not one of them. Luthans, F. (2002). Nicole | Community Manager. For example, Carol Dwecks definition of "growth mindset" clearly parallels optimism and hope - particularly around her philosophy of the power of yet. 1311 0 obj Gamification for health and wellbeing: A systematic review of the literature. Cole, M., Torgerson, C. (2017). The concept was developed in a research context (traditionally in studies of organizations), so its widely taught and information about it is freely available to teach within the bounds of your professional expertise. Computer-based teaching is as good as face to face lecture-based teaching of evidence based medicine: a randomized controlled trial. This article outlines the four elements of PsyCap, looks at the value of the concept as a whole and aims to inspire its use in leadership and coaching. Journal of Management, 33, 321349. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups. It is important to keep in mind that the level of PsyCap as a whole has a stronger relationship than each of the four components individually, as will be discussed later. Continue with Recommended Cookies. The Coaching Psychologist, 10(2), 6870. <>stream Optimistic individuals link negative events to external sources and positive events to internal sources (Seligman, 1998), allowing them to take credit for positive events, and distance themselves from the harmful effects of negative events, especially when they cannot be changed or altered (Luthans & Youssef, 2007). [2] Hope, efficacy, resiliency, and optimism - known as the "HERO Within"[5] - are the resources that make up the value of PsyCap. Results from four databases were reported following PRISMA guidelines. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. Distance learning on the internet: An exploratory study. PDF Psychological Capital Development in Organizations: An Integrative Technology and the articulation of vocational and academic interests: Reflections on time, space and e-learning. Built with love in the Netherlands. Rather, goals may lie in the desired change in behavior or emotional state. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Psychological capital development effectiveness of face-to-face, online, and Micro-learning interventions, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10824-5, https://www.edweek.org/leadership/covid-19-fuels-big-enrollment-increases-in-virtual-schools/2020/09, https://www.forbes.com/sites/bryanrobinson/2020/04/04/what-7-studies-show-about-social-distancing-and-remote-working-during-covid-19/#228a10df757e, https://www.bankmycell.com/blog/how-many-phones-are-in-the-world. Epub 2020 Dec 7. Finally, the samples in this study came from a single organization, which represents a challenge to the external validity and generalizability of the findings. Watch the demo. <> Despite common suspicions regarding the efficacy of online learning compared to face-to-face learning, consistent with Russells (1999) No Significant Difference, this study shows that these two approaches yield comparable results in the context of PsyCap development. Learned optimism. According to Rick Snyer et al. Case study 4: Technology enhanced workplace learning. PsyCap: What Is Psychological Capital? | Ifioque.com B., Avolio, B. J., Norman, S. M., & Combs, G. M. (2006). B., & Patera, J. L. (2008). Moreover, they can have wider reach because they can be successfully implemented in everyday contexts (e.g., schools, workplaces). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Russell, T. L. (1999). Although clients generally decide for themselves what they would like to achieve through coaching, their goal needs to be validated as their own. Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. The first group (N=56) received a micro-learning PsyCap development intervention. Werkle, M., Schmidt, M., Dikke, D., & Schwantzer, S. (2015). (2010). Wright, T. A., & Cropanzano, R. (2000). We all experience hardship and rejection in life. And they pointed out that the definition can be understood from the following four aspects: First, it is based on the positive psychology paradigm (emphasizing the positivity and human advantages); Second, it is formed up of the psychological state to comply with the standards of positive organization conducts (such as uniqueness, theoretical a. Workplace happiness, well-being and their relationship with How can we inspire optimism during performance management conversations? Psychological Science, 19(6), 585592. There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of PsyCap development interventions (Dello Russo & Stoykova, 2015; Luthans et al., 2008; Luthans et al., 2010; Luthans et al., 2014; Stratman & Youssef-Morgan, 2019). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal With respect to successful goal achievement, again the main effect of PCI (online vs. face-to-face) was not significant [F (1,109)=.201, p=.655], indicating both PCIs yielded comparable results. Carter, J.W., Youssef-Morgan, C. Psychological capital development effectiveness of face-to-face, online, and Micro-learning interventions. Psychological Capital Questionnaire - Wikipedia Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665-683. The first-order positive psychological resources that make up PsyCap include h ope, e fficacy, r esilience, and o ptimism, or the HERO within. Sanders (2006) argues that online platforms cant replicate the serendipitous moments of learning that happen naturally with the physical presence of an instructor and peers. In a coaching session, brainstorming different ideas to solve a problem can strengthen the coachee in their ability to improvise. 702). He argued that human resources can serve as a competitive advantage as they are more inimitable by competitors than physical, structural and financial resources. View the institutional accounts that are providing access. Bandura, A. Prince 9.0 rev 5 (www.princexml.com) Sample Size Planning for Statistical Power and Accurate Es School Psychology, Counseling Services in. 51-71). An experimental evaluation of Jost's laws. Broad, J. D., & Luthans, F. (2020). Journal of Educational Psychology, 55(5), 297. Tacit knowledge, on the other hand, is built over time through socialization into the organization. 2649: 2011: . This study found that those in the former group showed brain responses centered around positive memory, happy feelings, and reward centers of the brain. Developing one resource tends to boost the other ones as well. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213178. Why does PsyCap matter? 247252). Understand your employees via powerful engagement, onboarding, exit & pulse survey tools. Dont forget to download our three Resilience Exercises for free. On the other hand, the steeper increase in PsyCap immediately after the micro-learning PCI provides evidence that administering the same content in shorter modules over a longer time period may be a more effective learning approach. Luthans, F. (2002a). A quadratic contrast was also supported [F (1,109)=7.571, p=.007]. Conversely, PsyCap has been found to predict positive attitudes such as job satisfaction (Luthans et al., 2007), organizational citizenship behaviors (Avey et al., 2010b, b), general wellbeing and satisfaction with various life domains (Avey et al., 2010b, b; Luthans et al., 2013). This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account. As shown in Fig. So if we are more hopeful, efficacious, resilient and optimistic, we are more likely to weather the storm in a dynamic organizational or a challenging personal environment. Traits and trait-like constructs (e.g., intelligence, personality) are stable and difficult to change, while states (e.g. endobj Mohammed, G. S., Wakil, K., & Nawroly, S. S. (2018). Avey, J. People with a low external locus of control tend to internalize positive events and take the credit. Optimism has been defined as making a positive attribution about succeeding now and in the future. (workplace and how the positive PsyCap can be applied to improve performance) On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21, 130140. The development and resulting performance impact of positive psychological capital. While verbal persuasion can be a great source of confidence, it can be difficult to overcome self-doubts. American Psychologist, 55, 514. Therefore, degrees of freedom were corrected using Greehouse-Geisser estimates of sphericity (=.749). provides open learning resources for your academics, careers, intellectual development, and other wisdom related purposes. Here is an overview of the four components of PsyCap and the interventions which can be used to further build on this capital. It has left some food for thought and opened up areas of further research. Gassler, G., Hug, T., & Glahn, C. (2004). The micro-learning PCI presented one module each week. After first providing the current perspective and need for PsyCap, attention is given to the contributions of positive psychology, positive organizational scholarship (POS), and positive organizational behavior (POB). Appligent AppendPDF Pro 5.5 Luthans (2002b, p.702) defines resilience as the capacity to rebound or bounce back from adversity, conflict, failure, or even positive events, progress, and increased responsibility. Resilience is the ability to move on from a negative experience in a positive way (Tugade et al., 2004). Originally developed in an organizational context, the concept of Psychological Capital with its four pillars of Hope, Efficacy, Resilience, and Optimism (HERO) has been linked to job- as well as life satisfaction. Snyder, C. R. (2000). 1. Positive psychological capital (PsyCap) is an individuals positive psychological state of development that is characterized by: (1) having confidence (efficacy) to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks; (2) making a positive attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future; (3) persevering toward goals and, when necessary, redirecting paths to goals (hope) in order to succeed; and (4) when beset by problems and adversity, sustaining and bouncing back and even beyond (resilience) to attain success.