View abstract. One of the reported benefits of the entourage effect is that the presence of other compounds such as CBD and CBG can help to tame the intoxicating effects of THC, potentially increasing its therapeutic abilities. Nat Prod Commun. In addition, CBG has been shown to act as a potent agonist of 2 adrenergic receptor and to moderately block 5-HT1A receptors [52,56], which may explain its biological activity considering its slight affinity for cannabinoid receptors [36]. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Evidence That the Plant Cannabinoid Cannabigerol Is a Highly Potent Alpha2-Adrenoceptor Agonist and Moderately Potent 5HT1A Receptor Antagonist. CBG shares some similarities with CBD: it seems to be anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial. Acetyl-CoA is a key chemical that acts as a substrate in the formation of both geranyl diphosphate and malonyl-CoA, which are necessary for the formation of olivetolic acid and olivetol, i.e., the precursors of cannabigerolic acid [32] and cannabigerol, respectively [31]. It's possible that future research will reveal more about the specific interactions of CBG with other phytocannabinoids. While there's an abundance of awareness around the major cannabinoids THC and CBD, less is known about CBG. A community connecting cannabis consumers, patients, retailers, doctors, and brands since 2008. Gugliandolo A., Pollastro F., Grassi G., Bramanti P., Mazzon E. In Vitro Model of Neuroinflammation: Efficacy of Cannabigerol, a Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoid. CBG (along with CBD. ) Brenneisen R. Chemistry and Analysis of Phytocannabinoids and Other Cannabis Constituents. Chemical structures of main compounds from the group of cannabigerol-type phytocannabinoids. Ramer R., Heinemann K., Merkord J., Rohde H., Salamon A., Linnebacher M., Hinz B. COX-2 and PPAR- Confer Cannabidiol-Induced Apoptosis of Human Lung Cancer Cells. Medicina (Kaunas). Apart from the above phytocannabinoids, hemp contains cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBC), 9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabivarin (CBV), and cannabidivarin (CBDV) [22]. Simultaneous Quantification of 11 Cannabinoids and Metabolites in Human Urine by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Using WAX-S Tips. In: Preedy V.R., editor. Minor means its not present in large concentrations. - CNBS Guide to CBG in cannabis: How CBG works, CBG benefits, effects, and medical uses, and why CBG is known as "the mother of all cannabinoids." About Contact TOS Sitemap Menu Home Cannabinoids CBC (Cannabichromene) CBD (Cannabidiol) CBD vs THC CBDA (Cannabidiolic Acid) CBG (Cannabigerol) CBN (Cannabinol) CBD or Cannabidiol, is one of many cannabinoids, or molecules produced uniquely by the cannabis family plant. Navarro G, Varani K, Reyes-Resina I, et al. A Follow-up Study. CBGA is converted into THCA, the precursor of THC, and into CBDA, the precursor of CBD, during the flowering cycle. Neuroprotection with the Cannabigerol Quinone Derivative VCE-003.2 and Its Analogs CBGA-Q and CBGA-Q-Salt in Parkinsons Disease Using 6-Hydroxydopamine-Lesioned Mice. Hidvgi E, Somogyi GP. It's often referred to as the "mother of all cannabinoids." This is because other cannabinoids are derived from cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), an acidic form of CBG. CBG incorporated into a botanical drug substance appeared to work even more effectively than CBG as an isolate. Cascio MG, Gauson LA, Stevenson LA, Ross RA, Pertwee RG. Andre C.M., Hausman J.-F., Guerriero G. Cannabis Sativa: The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules. Depending on whether someone consumesTHC, CBD, CBC, CBN, or CBG, cannabinoid effects can range from a happy euphoria and relaxation to anxiety and lightheadedness. To date, more than 120 phytocannabinoids have been isolated from cannabis, including two compounds, ()-trans-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC) and ()-trans-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (8-THC), which produce the characteristic psychotropic effect by binding to cannabinoid receptors [20]. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. Cabrera C.L.R., Keir-Rudman S., Horniman N., Clarkson N., Page C. The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol Alone, and in Combination. Among the various groups of constituents of Cannabis sativa L., phytocannabinoids, i.e., dibenzopyrene or monoterpenoid derivatives that exhibit a range of activities modulating metabolic changes in the human body, are currently attracting the greatest interest due to their similarities to endocannabinoidsin direct as well as indirect action through G-protein-coupled membrane receptors. Hidvgi E., Somogyi G.P. In terms of potential use in pharmacotherapy, cannabidiol is the one studied the most frequently and extensively and is primarily evaluated for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [11]. Available online: Newmeyer M.N., Swortwood M.J., Barnes A.J., Abulseoud O.A., Scheidweiler K.B., Huestis M.A. It's possible that future research will reveal more about the specific interactions of CBG with other phytocannabinoids. Cannabichromene - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics ParaCrawl Corpus. FOIA by interacting with both CB1 and CB2 receptors and stimulating a response. Interest in CBG is on the rise due to its, non-psychoactive properties and pharmacological potential, Cannabigerolic acid, or CBGA, is the foundational molecule from which many other cannabinoids are made. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. In: Mutelet F., editor. CBG was found to promote cancer cell death and inhibit the growth of tumors, hampering the progression of colon cancer. Karlic H., Varga F. Mevalonate Pathway. Chapter 53Cannabis Sativa and Hemp. CBG appears to interact with the body's endocannabinoid receptors differently than either THC or CBD, producing unique physiological effects. Because most of the research has focused on the activated versions of cannabinoids, its unclear whether minor cannabinoids like CBGA must be decarboxylated in order to make the most of their effects. All Rights Reserved. 2018;19(7). Another area of interest is the antioxidant properties of medicinal plant-based ingredients, including their ability to scavenge free radicals generated in disease conditions, thus making it possible to enhance the bodys antioxidant capacity [4]. In contrast, other studies have reported that cannabigerol was only sporadically present (in approx. Taking into account their widespread presence in hemp and the significant structural similarity of many phytocannabinoids to cannabigerol (CBG), a separate class of cannabigerol-type compounds has been created (Figure 2). Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. One of the first commercially available CBG-dominant cultivars was, . When cannabinoids are combined, as in whole-plant extracts, however, direct or indirect interactions can occur which modify the overall clinical effect. Of particular interest are those components of Cannabis sativa L. that show antioxidant properties and thus may potentially modulate oxidative stress that accompanies the development of many diseases [9,10]. View abstract. View abstract. CBD does not exhibit any psychotropic effects on humans. On the other hand, cannabigerol significantly reduces the apoptosis of transformed tumor cells by modulating the levels of Bax and Bcl2 proteins [42], and may thus enhance the development of tumor processes. Front Physiol 2022;13:871962. In 2015, scientists investigated whether cannabigerol could help protect brain cells in people struggling with the disease. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. CBG is often referred to as the "mother cannabinoid" because it is the precursor to other cannabinoids such as THC and CBD. Schilling S., Melzer R., McCabe P.F. Before a cannabis plant reaches maturity, its CBGA synthesizes and turns into THCA, CBDA, and the precursors to several other cannabinoids. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Zagoen M., erenak A., Kreft S. Cannabigerol and Cannabichromene in. de Almeida D.L., Devi L.A. Diversity of Molecular Targets and Signaling Pathways for CBD. While there's an abundance of awareness around the major cannabinoids THC and CBD, less is known about CBG. The .gov means its official. View abstract. All five cannabinoids showed potent activity against MRSA strains of bacteria, although researchers were not able to determine their mechanism of activity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/wdr2021.html. cannabigerol definition | English definition dictionary | Reverso Products, including CBG, derived from marijuana plants containing more than 0.3% THC are illegal in many states of the US and at a federal level. 2019;1863(3):586-597. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Pagano E, Montanaro V, Di Girolamo A, et al. CBG has many potential therapeutic benefits, including antibacterial, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory qualities. The study also found that, unlike THC, CBG did not affect certain phases of sleep. Stasiowicz A., Tomala A., Podolak I., Cielecka-Piontek J. Garca-Valverde M.T., de Medina V.S., Codesido V., Hidalgo-Garca J., Ferreiro-Vera C. Exploring the Mysteries of Cannabis through Gas Chromatography. Cannabigerol is a novel, well-tolerated appetite stimulant in pre-satiated rats. Plant cannabinoids have been shown to interact with other G protein-coupled receptors (GPR55 or GPR18 receptors) and opioid or serotonin receptors, as well as nuclear receptors and ligand-gated ion channels or transient receptor potential (TRP) channels [24]. Neurotherapeutics. CBG starts out as CBGA, also known as cannabigerolic acid. The compound is absorbed into the body during smoking, where it is metabolized and then excreted in the urine [78]. Vernail VL, Bingaman SS, Silberman Y, Raup-Konsavage WM, Vrana KE, Arnold AC. CBG has a low affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors (~5-fold and 27-fold lower than 9-THC), with CBG showing a higher affinity for CB1 [36,52]. Determination of CBG concentrations in the human body, mainly in the blood, is also used for diagnostic purposes, i.e., as a biomarker of recent use of cannabis containing the narcotic 9-THC. As a result of these interactions as well as direct actions, CBD exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, while both CBG and CBGA as well as its synthetic derivatives exhibit neuromodulatory effects. CBG is generated during the non-enzymatic decarboxylation of cannabigerolic acid, a key compound in the process of biosynthesis of phytocannabinoids and consequently the precursor to various phytocannabinoids. A characteristic feature of cannabis is the large number of trichomes, which take the form of protuberances and cover the plants leaves and stems. This is also true in many other nations. Rodrguez-Cueto C., Santos-Garca I., Garca-Toscano L., Espejo-Porras F., Bellido M.L., Fernndez-Ruiz J., Muoz E., de Lago E. Neuroprotective Effects of the Cannabigerol Quinone Derivative VCE-003.2 in SOD1G93A Transgenic Mice, an Experimental Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Toutefois, contrairement au THC, le CBG n'a aucun effet sur les facults mentales du consommateur ! Cannabigerol is known as a "parent" cannabinoid to many other minor cannabinoids found in the Cannabis sativa plant. During a typical flowering cycle, this process usually takes six to eight weeks. Apart from the fact that its precursor synthesizes into other cannabinoids, scientists are still learning about CBGs many effects that make it a powerful cannabinoid in its own right. In light of the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, this could be of great importance in clinical medicine [2]. government site. These receptors regulate physiological processes such as mood, pain response, and appetite. The plant is a source of many biologically active compounds [8], making it especially interesting as a source of substances already defined as medicinal as well as compounds under investigation as potentially exhibiting medicinal properties [8,9]. Chemotherapy-induced cachexia dysregulates hypothalamic and systemic lipoamines and is attenuated by cannabigerol. Cascio M.G., Gauson L.A., Stevenson L.A., Ross R.A., Pertwee R.G. While doctors have yet to rubber stamp cannabis as an IBD cure, these results are promising when it comes to using cannabinoids like CBG as a treatment for the disease. In fact, its quite the opposite: CBG works as an inhibitor to the CB1 receptor through which THC gets people high. Individuals living with AIDS and cancer commonly experience anorexia, or reduced appetite, and cachexia, which refers to weakness or wasting of the body. Get weekly cannabis news right to your inbox. As a skin disease, acne is characterized by excess sebum production and sebaceous gland inflammation. Cannabigerol (CBG) is the stem cell of all cannabinoids in the cannabis plant. View abstract. According to the IUPAC nomenclature, the systematic name of cannabigerol is 2-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol. ; writingoriginal draft preparation, A.J. VCE-003.2, a Novel Cannabigerol Derivative, Enhances Neuronal Progenitor Cell Survival and Alleviates Symptomatology in Murine Models of Huntingtons Disease. It was observed that cannabigerol was removed from the bodies of Cannabis sativa L. smokers in urine in the form of a conjugate with glucuronic acid, which was not found in either the control or the CBG-enriched urine samples. CBG, or cannabigerol, called a minor cannabinoid since it manifests in trace amounts in most strains, has been around for years, and makes a worthy addition to your weed encyclopedia and next smoke sesh. By interacting with G-protein-coupled receptors, CBG exhibits a wide range of biological activities, inter alia, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal activities, regulation of the redox balance, and neuromodulatory effects.