I am, Sir, with very great respect, Your obedient & humble servant, &c., New Views of the Origin of the Tribes and Nations of America, Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, Descripcin histrica y cronolgica de los piedras, How to Write the History of the New World: Histories, Epistemologies, and Identities in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World, Recherches philosophiques sur les amricains, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/03-01-02-0416, From Jefferson to Barton [12 October 1808], From Jefferson to Barton [21 September 1809], All correspondence between Jefferson and Barton, National Historical Publications and He bore the intermediate name of Smith (given to him at his baptism) in token of the intimate friendship that had subsisted, during a period of twenty-five years, between his father, and the then learned provost of the university, of that name, by whom he was baptised. And to those who know more intimately than it would be proper to state in this memoir, the struggles he made in early life through the most discouraging, nay appalling influence of want, added to the direful ravages of disease,his subsequent elevation appears astonishing. Previous to his departure he had many symptoms of hydrothorax, and this disease, in fact, proved the immediate cause of his death. The American Philosophical Society commissioned Michaux,, Whitfield J. Yet after all, the book in question, is by no means so deficient in merit, as its author, himself, seemed to consider it. Unfortunately, too, it has been the vice of naturalists, or those who have touched on questions relative to natural history.". Its influence, in one individual, is often felt and propagated through many ages. Encyclopedia.com. He was also active in the Philadelphia Medical Society, the Linnean Society of London, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The two last named in the preceding note. At a Stated Meeting, Saturday, 16th February, 1816: by William P. C. Barton, M. D.an honorary member of the society. As I was now very anxious to explore the remote parts of the country, particularly the interesting ranges of the Allegany mountains, I was enabled by the kind assistance of this gentleman, to take a more extensive range for my botanical excursions, which, during my stay at the Woodlands, had been confined within a comparatively small compass, the necessary attention to the duties of that establishment not permitting me to devote more time to them. In 1815 Barton revisited France and England, then died within two weeks of his return to Philadelphia. And as she ever, returns in sickness and in disease the hours which are purloined by active minds, from her customary and necessary rest, Dr. Barton soon perceived the pernicious consequences of his midnight and injudicious toils. description ends ; DAB description begins Allen Johnson and Dumas Malone, eds., Dictionary of American Biography, 192836, 20 vols. "Barton, Benjamin Smith He always spoke with extreme impatience of the arrogance of pretending foreigners of the literary grade, too many of whom resort to our country, being nothing in their own, and perpetually insult us by their vain and insufferable denunciations of our claims to national genius, talents and learning. Society. He never forgot what he once determined to remember, hence he read with great advantage; and though his reading was always desultory, irregular, and to all appearance hastyhe was able to make the most profitable use of it. The accuracy, the vividness, the sensibility (if I may be allowed the expression) of his eye, were truly wonderful. Ditto, 36 pages quarto. This chair he held in conjunction with that of natural history and botany, till the day of his death. "He proceeded to the Mikanee-towns; from thence to the territory of the Mandan Indians, in the boat of a Spanish gentleman; and in the same vessel descended the Missouri to St. Louis, near the confluence of this great river with the Mississippi, in the autumn of 1811. Accordingly, having provided him with a special passport from the president of the United States, Mr. Madison, and with whatever else I deemed necessary, together with a considerable collection of manuscript queries and memoranda, Mr. Nuttall took his departure from Philadelphia in April, 1810. I am extremely anxious to possess specimens,no matter how small,of the languages which Mr Lewis met with beyond the Missisippi. To the dismay of American naturalists, the resulting treatise describing and depicting 130 of Lewiss specimens was published in Europe. 3.Reworked in Dft from closet, upon the reports of Indians, or the vague facts., 5.Preceding three words interlined in Dft in place of it., 6.In Dft Barton here canceled Such inquiries and pursuits are very different from those which occupy the great [persons?] WebB enjamin Smith Barton (1766-1815) at 37 years of age was the youngest of the five members of the American Philosophical Society to whom Jefferson referred Lewis. I have frequently painted these subjects for him, and can therefore speak with the more certainty of the fact. Indeed he frequently, in his lectures on natural history, introduced the name of Dr. Walker, and ever spoke of him in terms of unbounded respect, and even veneration. The advantages that have resulted to its interests, by such substantial countenance, fully appear in the valuable work of Mr. Pursh, which contains the united discoveries of this gentleman and Mr. Nuttall. In 1796 he was made Materia Medica Chair upon the resignation of its former holder. Science mixed with virtue was ever inculcated from his lips. "His route was by Pittsburg to Detroit, Michilimakinak, Fox River, the Falls of St. Anthony, &c. He deviated, however, from the route which had been pointed out to him, having been prevailed upon to ascend the Missouri in company with some of his own countrymen, some Americans, and others, whose objects were principally traffick. That his efforts to support the reputation of the university curtailed his existence I firmly believe. Besides his extreme neatness, faithfulness and truth, in the delineation of natural objects, more particularly of plants, by the pencil, he acquired great adroitness in the beautiful art of etching on copper, and I have now in my possession, among other efforts of this kind, the figure of a dog, which exhibits the most true and perfect attainment of this nice art I have ever seenIt was made about five years ago. That date was seven years after Bartons confession to Benjamin Rush that he had no medical degree, but only three months after Bartons letter to a German colleague asking help in procuring it. At the same time, he sent me a manuscript kook, in which he has given pretty full descriptions of the two plants by the names which I have already mentioned, viz. He was one of the first professors of natural history in Hints on the etymology of certain English words, and on their affinity to words in the languages of different European, Asiatic and American (Indian) nations, in a letter to Dr. Thomas Beddoes. Elements of botany, or, outlines of the natural history of vegetables, illustrated by 30 plates, first edition, two volumes octavo, together 508 pages1803. Initial promise but ultimate failure to fulfill exemplified Bartons role in the history of the expedition and in other projects he contemplated. Before he had completed the fiftieth year of his age, the world was deprived of his talentshis country, more particularly, of his usefulness, and his family of a kind and affectionate protector. Such was the event that has bereaved the cause of American science of its ablest, its truest, and its most substantial advocateits most substantial, for reasons I shall now state. His numerous publications afford, of themselves, sufficient proofs of an uncommon degree of industry: but besides these, he was long engaged in collecting materials for other works, and preparing some for the press; all of which, it is greatly to be regretted, will now probably be lost to the world. I have now arrived at that period of the life of Dr. Barton, in which he made his debut on the theatre of science, as a publick teacher. "Benjamin Smith Barton." It may justly rank, (he adds) with the most splendid plants of either America, and very probably inhabits Mexico, if not South America. He was a father and supporter. He began his education in Philadelphia, but left in 1786 to pursue the study of medicine in Edinburgh and London. Barton was vice president of the American Philosophical Society from 1802 to 1816. Accordingly, in the beginning of 1805, I set out for the mountains and western territories of the southern states, beginning at Maryland and extending to the Carolinas (in which tract the interesting high mountains of Virginia and Carolina took my particular attention) and returned late in the autumn through the lower countries, along the sea-coast to Philadelphia. I have not been able to ascertain at what time he visited the German university, for that purpose. Barton was continually publishing short papers on his observations, or those related to him by his associates, not always with permission or acknowledgment. And a memoir (which gained the Magellanic premium) concerning a considerable number of pernicious insects of the United States, which will appear in the next volume of the society's transactions. The primary disease of doctor Barton was unquestionably hereditary gout, of an irregular form, which assailed him in very early life, having had, as I have before mentioned, some violent arthitick symptoms while a student at Edinburgh. the United States, and research and development projects to bring historical records to the The question of whether and where he obtained a degree remained a mystery until records obtained by the APS in 1970 yielded a diploma dated 31 August 1796 from Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel. Some account of an American species of dipus or jerboa. But perhaps an apology may be urged in my behalf: the subject is entirely new, and the work was written at a time when the mind was in that fickle and inconstant state, so frequently the attendant and consequence of disease. What was it about du Pratzs History of Louisiana that so interested Lewis? Due to the many unfortunate events which followed Lewiss death, in 1809, the Indian vocabularies the captains had carefully collected are now lost, and were never made available to the public. He became a member of the Royal Medical Society, received its Harveian Prize for his dissertation on hyosciamus niger (or black henbane), and was chosen one of the Societys four annual presidents for 1787-1788. A likely explanation for his departure is found in two 1791 letters addressed to Benjamin Rush, which state that, while its president, Barton borrowed a considerable sum of money from the Royal Medical Society but failed to pay it back. It is truly historical, and is principally founded upon the discovery of the Mexican Century, a vast stone monument, which was discovered in Mexico, in the year 1790. Three days before his death he wrote a memoir on a new genus of plants, named in honour of him, and requested me to make a drawing of one of the species to accompany it. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/barton-benjamin-smith, "Barton, Benjamin Smith Those who painted the subjects of natural history[6] for him know, and those who have multiplied those paintings by the graphick art also know, and can verify the statement I have given, of his uncommon perception of errors, in drawings and engravings. This letter was accompanied by drawings of the Ohio bones. on the 28th of January, 1798, he was appointed to succeed Dr. Kuhn, as one of the physicians of the Pennsylvania Hospital, which he continued to hold till his death. We have new and used copies available, in 0 edition - starting at $24.95. Benjamin Smith Barton to Thomas Jefferson, 23 March 1813, Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/03-06-02-0023. Ph. Collections, &c. part first, second edition64 pages, octavo 1801. (New York, 19241929); Elements of Botany, 6th ed., William P. C. Barton, ed. To me, let me add, he was peculiarly dear. at the University of Gttingen, he admitted on his return to Philadelphia in the fall of 1789 that he was never granted a degree of doctor of medicine by any university. Mr. John Gottlob Schneider, of Saxony, a late celebrated writer on amphibious animals. Barton expressed an interest, were his health sufficient, in accompanying Lewis at least part of the way. He began his education in Philadelphia, but left in 1786 to pursue the study of medicine in In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Yet, while he acknowledged with gratitude and a commendable pride, the very polite and friendly attention with which he was honoured by all the other professors, it can scarcely be doubted that circumstances of this nature would have increasedif they did not originally excite, in the mind of a young man of quick sensibility, those unpleasant sensations which he then experienced. Can it then be deemed unnatural, and will you not expect to hear, that upon the death of professor Rush, Dr. Barton became desirous of filling his chair? A Memoir Concerning The Fascinating Faculty Which Has Been Ascribed To The Rattle Snake, And Other American Serpents By Benjamin Smith Barton, M D | Benjamin Smith Barton, Waking In Winter|Anna Wigley, Endogenous Mediators Of Gastrointestinal Damage|John L. Wallace, Racism (Global Issues)|Jan Hardy, The "Which?" askART's database currently holds 0 auction lots for Benjamin Smith Barton (of which 0 auction records sold and 0 are upcoming at auction.) Courtesy American Philosophical Society. Records Commission, American Philosophical Society; members of, Barton, Benjamin Smith; New Views of the Origin of the Tribes and Nations of America, Descripcin histrica y cronolgica de los piedras (Len y Gama), Len y Gama, Antonio de; Descripcin histrica y cronolgica de los piedras, New Views of the Origin of the Tribes and Nations of America (Barton), Pauw, Cornelius de; Recherches philosophiques sur les amricains, Recherches philosophiques sur les amricains (Pauw), Robertson, William (172193); History of America. "Tell H she may depend upon the promise I made her, of drawing her a landscape; and probably some other pictures. His prose was diffuse and sometimes redundant; he seldom revised but expostulated in an intimate style. He was the first to erect a greenhouse in Philadelphia, which was attached to his residence on Chestnut Street, below Eighth Street. The Barton Papers offer a comprehensive view of the professional work of Benjamin Smith Barton from the time of his return to the United States in 1789 until his preserve, publish, and encourage the use of documentary sources, relating to the history of 6, 11 March to 27 November 1813 , ed. One of my patients died within five minutes after her return from riding. His other publications include "On the Fascinating Quality Ascribed to the Rattlesnake" (1796), "New Views of the Origins of Tribes in the United States" (1797), "Collections Toward a Materia Medica of the United States" (1798), and a partially-completed Medical Physical journal in 1804 which he worked on for several subsequent years. WebFrom Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Smith Barton, 27 February 1803, Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-39-02-0499. [Original source: The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series, vol. I have already taken drawings of several curious and beautiful flowers, together with one of the falls of the river Youh: this last I will send her as soon as a safe opportunity offers.". The authors of these tracts were scattered annually through different sections of the United States; many of them cherished the love for botanick pursuits which they had imbibed herethey became botanistsand thus have the exertions of the Professor been seen and felt beyond the precincts of the university. Borrow. For fourteen years he had been teaching botany, natural history and especially materia medica at the medical school. In fact he was, if I may be allowed to use such language, religiously conscientious not to suffer any things of this nature to pass with his name, unless they were true and faithful representations. they [prove?].. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Barton." While the exit of so ardent a lover of the pursuits of science has given serious occasion to its remaining Votaries to deplore his loss, may we not hope that they will emulate his talents and his worth! He had been made one of four annual presidents of the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh and had been entrusted with a sum of the Societys money, which he was unable to return before his departure. John Mason Good, Esq. Collections, &c. part second first edition, 53 pages octavo 1804. The printed transactions of the society are evidences of this. His other publications include various papers in Philosophical Transactions and the first American text on botany. Rush having resigned that station some short time before. The happiest hours of near sixteen years of cares, of difficulties, or of sickness, have been devoted to the cultivation of these interesting sciences. There was a continued succession of storms during the homeward voyage, and he soon became so ill that he could not bear the recumbent posture, and therefore did not lie down during almost the whole of the time he was on board the ship. Also in that year, he became professor of materia medica at the University of Pennsylvania. These repeated vacillations between equanimity and depression, were generally owing to the sudden and repeated attacks of his continual earthly companionirregular gout. Elements of Botany, or outlines of the natural history of vegetables, illustrated with forty plates; the second edition, first volume. description ends , 29:4457). Dft (PPAmP: Benjamin Smith Barton Papers); at foot of text: To Mr Jefferson, at Monticello, Virginia. exact copy.. 1, 4 March 1809 to 15 November 1809, ed. An account of the most effectual means of preventing the deleterious consequences of the bite of the crotalus horridus, or rattle-snake. They contain many papers on various subjects relating to natural science, from his pen. During his residence in Edinburgh he applied himself with unremitted zeal to his professional studies, attending very regularly the lectures of the eminent medical professors who then taught in that university. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4904_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4904_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], }); It does appear that on at least two occasions Barton published as his own the observations and discoveries of others. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. In February 1800, he read to the Am. (I am doubtful if this is printed.). When Meriwether Lewis traveled to Philadelphia in 1802, his guide to the city was Mahlon Dickerson who gave him a survey of people and places well beyond the privilege or opportunity of most Philadelphians of the time. Memorandum concerning a new vegetable muscipula. Though Barton was not solely at fault, he contributed to the delay in publishing that allowed others to carr(y) off the honors that belong by right to Lewis and Clark.[8]Elliott Coues, as quoted in David Freeman, Benjamin Rush: Revolutionary Gadfly (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1971), 260. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4904_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4904_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], }); From Frederick Pursh Flora Americae septentrionalis, In lieu of a portrait of Pursh, of which none are known to exist, it seems appropriate to represent him by one of the hand-colored engravings that he published in his Flora Americae septentrionalis (Flowers of North America) in 1813. Archives. modern editorial content, are copyright Princeton University Press. 2023 . During this period he prosecuted his collegiate and medical studies; the first in the college of Philadelphia, where however he did not take the degree of bachelor of arts, and the latter under the celebrated anatomical professor Dr. William Shippen, with whom he commenced the study of medicine, in the beginning of his eighteenth year. This edition will be, in many respects, much more correct and satisfactory, as well as more ample, than the former, which you have seen. http://www.l3lewisandclark.com/ShowOneObject.asp?SiteID=29&ObjectID=68. The late eminent Dr. His father William Barton, a lawyer, was the designer of the Great Seal of the United States. . His punctuation is truly remarkable, and, for a man of his discernment and extensive reading, singularly incorrect. Lists of his writings are found in Max Meisel, Bibliography of American Natural History, 3 vols. Includes postscript of May 21. 16 pages quarto. I have, however, the satisfaction of observing, that these sciences are making some, nay, even great, advances among us; and I still flatter myself, that the directors of our principal American universities, or other seminaries of learning, but. 3 pages quarto. This was a very learned and extensive memoirit is not yet published, though I suspect it remains among his manuscripts in a state for publication. [13] I have been more particular in relation to Dr. Shippen, because he was, as I have just stated, the founder of the medical school; for until he delivered lectures in Philadelphia, the voice of a publick lecturer had never been heard here. in Europe at this time who at the [rate?] He whose mental exertions survive such a fate, and who perseveres through it, is not, believe me, a common man! Towards the close of the following summer, Dr. Barton embarked for Great Britain, with the view of prosecuting still further his medical studies at the university of Edinburgh. The scene around him was well adapted to the contemplation of nature, and he was of a contemplative turn of mind. Baron Humboldt. He conducted the Medical Physical Journal for several years and was the author of Elements of Botany, published in 1804, and of Collections towards a Materia Medica of the United States. As it may be supposed, these works obtained for him great notoriety in Europe where he is honoured and respected. Dr. John Walker, professor of natural history in the University of Edinburgh. Barton's Fragments Of The Natural History Of Pennsylvania, [pt 1]| Benjamin Smith Barton, Dangerous Testimony|Michael DiGuido, Variations On Holderlin (Snare Poetry Paperbacks)|Geoffrey Hlibchuk, Bitter Roots: A Novel|Reginald Wyatt, 8-Bit Microprocessor Interfacing And Applications (Model EB-6820)|Andrew C. Staugaard, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983-2001). J. Jefferson Looney. He was a skeptick in matters of science, depending on human testimonyin fact, his incredulity was astonishing. A Biographical Sketch (of Benjamin Smith Barton), read pursuant to appointment before the Philadelphia Medical Society, at a stated meeting, on Saturday, 16th February. The most happy and profitable hours of my life were passed in the society of this virtuous man. Benjamin Smith Barton (17661815), physician and naturalist, regularly corresponded with TJ on scientific subjects. He began a revision of Gronovius Flora Virginica, and a Flora of Pennsylvania. In 1808 he began editing successful European works, relating the content to American readers. WebPortrait of Benjamin Smith Barton, MA. On this occasion he was absent from Philadelphia about five months, having set out with the commissioners in May, 1785, and returned in October following. This essay is still in existence. Benjamin Smith Barton was born on February 10, 1766, in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. vol. I beg leave in relating the benefits to natural science that resulted from the labours of the late industrious Professor, to quote what I have published on this point in the preface of my Prodromus of a Flora Philadelphica. WebThe elder Barton, as we may call Benjamin Smith to distinguish him from his nephew and botanical successor at the University of Pennsyl-vania, William P. C. Barton, author of the Would the hunting parties of the corps unexpectedly find herds of mastodons, and packs of stealthy predators, or a lumbering solitary grazer previously never seen by humans? I was introduced to this eminent physician when in London, about four years ago, by my friend the present Dr. The subject of this memoir lost his mother when he was little more than eight years of age; and though his father's death did not happen till he had attained his fourteenth year, he was bereaved of the parental care and instruction of one of the best of parents, about a year and a half before that event. WebBenjamin Smith Barton has 33 books on Goodreads with 20 ratings. WebBenjamin Smith Barton has 33 books on Goodreads with 20 ratings. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Barton did not receive a medical degree from Edinburgh, nor is there confirmation that he did from Gttingen, but he received a diploma from Lisbon Academy, Portugal. Benjamin Smith Barton (1766-1815), M.A. Baillie, Laureen, ed. Benjamin Barton is known for Nature illustrator. Young as he then was, he read the Greek and Roman authors with avidity, and became enamoured of classic learning:this is strongly evinced by many of his juvenile letters to his brother William, between September 1780, and March 1782, considering this brother the eldest of the familyas he then didin the light of his natural guardian and best friend; a character in which he repeatedly recognized him. It appears also, from the doctor's letter last referred to, that while in London, in the winter of 1788-9, some favourable proposals were made to him to settle in Russia: but his strong attachment to the country of his birth, and to his relatives and friends in that country, induced him to decline the acceptance of an invitation, which would, probably, have been highly acceptable to a young man of equal ambition and less feeling. An edition of Cullen's Materia Medica, with notes. with drawings by William Bartram; Whitfield J. It appears that he intended to have completed his work in one octavo volume, consisting of four parts on the subject of natural history; the first, as he observes in the preface, being a distinct work, having no connexion with that branch of science. After two expeditions to the West Indies, he left for England, carrying with him the materials he had gathered and some of the specimens from the Lewis and Clark Expedition that Clark had given him to classify. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. It was, however, his intention, had he lived, to resign the latter, perhaps about this time. Dr. Barton did not despise these adventitious aids of science, and he often declared it as his opinion, that no man could become a nice, discriminating, and eminent botanist, without possessing that acumen in perception of proportion, colour, harmony of design, and obscure differences in the objects of the vegetable world, which alone belong to the eye of a painter.
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